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1. Microeconomics deals with: (Points: 3)
the working of the entire economy or large sectors of it.
economic growth.
individual units in the economy.
all of the above.
2. When we are forced to make choices we are facing the concept of: (Points: 3)
exploitation.
efficiency.
scarcity.
the margin.
3. Scarcity in economics means: (Points: 3)
not having sufficient resources to produce all the goods and services we want.
the wants of people are limited.
there must be poor people in rich countries.
economists are clearly not doing their jobs.
4. Which of the following principles underlie the economics of individual choices? (Points: 3)
There are gains from trade.
Markets move toward equilibrium.
People usually exploit opportunities to make themselves better off.
Resources should be used as efficiently as possible to achieve society’s goals.
5. Specialization and trade usually lead to: (Points: 3)
lower economic growth.
the exchange of goods and services in markets.
lower living standards.
higher prices.
6. Increases in total output realized when individuals specialize in particular tasks and trade are known as: (Points: 3)
the gains from trade.
the profits obtained from sales of a good or service.
marginal analysis.
a tradeoff.
7. If equilibrium exists: (Points: 3)
all individuals must have an equal amount of income.
the price in that market will not fluctuate by more than 5%.
there will be no remaining opportunities for individuals to make themselves better off.
the number of buyers equals the number of sellers.
8. Economists believe that resources should be used as efficiently as possible to: (Points: 3)
achieve society’s goals.
eliminate scarcity.
reduce inequity.
do all of the above.
9. When moving along a production possibilities curve, the opportunity cost to society of getting more of one good: (Points: 3)
is constant.
is measured in dollar terms.
is measured by the amount of the other good that must be given up.
usually decreases.
10. The fact that a society’s production possibilities curve is bowed out or concave to the origin of a graph demonstrates the law of: (Points: 3)
increasing opportunity cost.
decreasing opportunity cost.
constant opportunity cost.
concave opportunity cost.
11. If an economy is producing a level of output that is on its production possibilities curve, the economy: (Points: 3)
has idle resources.
has idle resources but is using resources efficiently.
has no idle resources but is using resources inefficiently.
has no idle resources and is using resources efficiently.
12. The concept of comparative advantage is based upon: (Points: 3)
absolute labor productivity.
relative labor costs.
dollar prices of labor.
relative opportunity costs.
13. Trade can be beneficial to an economy because: (Points: 3)
it results in a more efficient use of the combined resources of some of the trading countries, even though it reduces efficiency in others.
more goods and services can be obtained at lower opportunity cost.
it prevents specialization in those activities in which countries have a comparative advantage.
it prevents unemployment.
14. The circular-flow diagram illustrates how households _______ goods and services and _______ factors of production. (Points: 3)
buy; sell
buy; buy
own; buy
own; sell
15. An example of a positive statement is: (Points: 3)
The rate of unemployment is 4 percent.
A high rate of economic growth is good for the country.
Everyone in the country needs to be covered by national health insurance.
Baseball players should not be paid higher salaries than the president of the United States.
16. The current rate of unemployment of 5 percent is too high. This is an example of: (Points: 3)
a normative statement.
a positive statement.
the circular-flow model.
none of the above.
17. A decrease in the price of a good will result in: (Points: 3)
an increase in demand.
an increase in supply.
an increase in the quantity demanded.
more being supplied.
18. The primary difference between a change in demand and a change in the quantity demanded is: (Points: 3)
a change in demand is a movement along the demand curve and a change in quantity demanded is a shift in the demand curve.
a change in quantity demanded is a movement along the demand curve and a change in demand is a shift in the demand curve.
both a change in quantity demanded and a change in
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